The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.